Ethics and Natural Resources Management: On Commons, Anti-Commons, Illegal Behavior, and Bureaucracy

This paper proposals are: first, to show how the utilization of common resources can carry important ethical problems; second (and mainly), to stress that the many attempts to solve tragedies in fisheries, by creating interesting projects in aquaculture, are confronted with many obstacles and barriers in the approval process. These obstructions conduct to inefficiencies and carry out also important ethical problems. The Portuguese aquaculture case is used to develop an empirical study on the emergence of an " anticommons tragedy ". The control regime of Common Fisheries Policy is discussed.